DOCTOR FAUSTUS

Reference to context

Paper 2 (part 1 )
Drama 
2015

Hell hath no limits, nor is circumscrib’d in one self place;
but where we are is hell,
And where hell is, there must we ever be                                                                                

                                                         

                 جہنم کی کوئی حد نہیں ہے اور نہ ہی ایک جگہ میں محیط ہے

لیکن ہم جہاں ہیں وہ جہنم ہیں

اور جہاں جہنم ہے وہاں ہم ضرور ہونگے

                        

REFERENCE:

These lines have been taken from the eminent play “Doctor Faustus”,(Act ll scene 1) written by “Christopher Marlow”.

CONTEXT
At the outset of drama, Doctor Faustus found himself, complete master of knowledge, he was inspired by the necromancy. He became magician after selling his soul to Lucifer. Mephistophilis is the servant of Lucifer, the fallen angel, become servile servant of Faustus. He travelled throughout the world as his fame spread, he got wealth and led a life of king but internally his soul was devoid. After 24-years, death drew near, Faustus begged to repent but Mephistophilis cautioned him not to offend Lucifer. In the end, he was borne off by a company of devils to hell for eternal damnation.

ڈرامہ کے آغاز میں ، ڈاکٹر فوسٹس نے اپنے آپ کو ، مکمل طور پر مختلف علوم کا ماہر پایا ، وہ جادو  سے متاثر تھا ۔ وہ لوسیفر کو اپنی روح  بیچنے کے بعد جادوگربن  ہوگیا۔ میفسٹوفیلس لوسفر کا خادم ہے ،جنت سے نکالا ہوا فرشتہ ، فاؤسٹس کا خادم نوکر بن گیا ہے۔ اس نےجنت ساری دنیا کا سفر کیا جیسے ہی اس کی ہر طرف شہرت پھیلی ، اسے بے انتہادولت   ملی اوراس نےبادشاہ کی زندگی گزاری لیکن اندرونی طور پر اس کی روح بے چین تھی ۔ 24 سال کے بعد ، موت قریب آ گئی ، فوسٹس نے توبہ کرنے کی التجا اب کی۔ جب  لیکن میفسٹو فیلس نے اسے خبردار کیا کہ وہ لوسیفر کو غصہ نہ دلائے ۔ آخر میں ، وہ ابدی عذاب کے لئے ۔شیطانوں کی صحبت  میں  جہنم میں چلا گیا 

Explanation:

These lines taken from the Act 2 when just after signing the deed Mephistophelesss is now his servile slave for 24 years, he is bound to fulfil the command of Faustus and answer all the questions and satisfy him. Faustus is very curious about hell so he puts the first question about it. He answers him that the hell is located in the very depth of this earth, with all elements. This is the place where the sinful souls are to stay and to undergo extreme pain and torture forever. Hell does not have a boundary and it is not confined to any single place where ever be the sinful souls live, hell is always there, or in other words, you can say that, wherever the devils live that place becomes hell. at the day of judgement or when the world comes to end then all the human beings shall have to undergo a process after which it will decide who will go to hell and who will go to heaven Faustus answers that there is no the reality in hell. he can’t believe in hell he has doubt about its existence. Mephistopheles answers that you will believe in hell when you will enter in it and face the torture. Your opinion will be changed after experiencing the torture of hell. 

یہ لائنیں ایکٹ ٹو سے لی گئی ہیں جب جب اقرار نامے پر دستخط کرنے کے بعد میںفیس ٹو فلیس 24 سال کے لیے ڈاکٹر فاسٹس کا غلام بن گیا ،وہ فاسٹس کے تمام احکامات پورے کرنے کے پابند تھا اور اس کے تمام سوالوں کے جوابات دینے اور اسے مطمئن کرنے کا ۔فاسٹس کو جہنم کے بارے میں بہت تجسس تھا اس لیے اس نے سب سے پہلا سوال جہنم کے بارے میں کیا ۔اس نے جواب دیا کہ جہنم زمین کی بہت گہرائی میں واقع ہے ۔یہ وہ جگہ ہے جہاں پے گنہگار اروا ح رہتی ہیں اور وہ یہاں پر ہمیشہ درد ناک عذاب اور تکلیفوں میں رہتی ہیں ۔جہنم کی کوئی حد نہیں ہے جہاں گناہگار اروا ح رہتی ہے وہ جگہ جہنم بن جاتی ہے ،اور دوسرے الفاظ میں آپ کہہ سکتے ہیں ،جہاں شیطان رہتے ہیں وہ جگہ جہنم بن جاتی ہے ۔قیامت کے دن یاجب دنیا ختم ہوگی ۔تب تمام انسان کامل سے گزریں گے جس میں فیصلہ کیا جائے گا کہ کون جہنم میں جائے گا اور کون جنت میں ۔فاسٹس جواب دیتا ہے ۔اسے جہنم پر یقین نہیں ہے اسے اس کی موجودگی پر بہت زیادہ شک ہے ۔میں فیس ٹو فیس جواب دیتا ہے کہ جب تو اس میں داخل ہوں گے اور تم عذاب سے گزرو گے تو تم پھر یقین کر لو گے ۔جہنم کے عذاب کو محسوس کرنے کے بعد تمہاری رائے اس کے بارے میں بدل جائے گی ۔

Annual Exam - 2017

“Till swollen with cunning, of a self-conceit,
His waxen wings did mount above his reach,
And melting heavens conspired his overthrow.”

                                 "خود تکبر کی ، ہوشیار سے سوجن تک ،     

اس کے موم رنگ کے پروں اس کی پہنچ سے اوپر بڑھ گئے ،                               

   اور پگھلے ہوئے آسمانوں نے اس کا تختہ پلٹنے کی سازش کی۔ 

REFERENCE:

These lines have been taken from the eminent play “Doctor Faustus”,(Act ll scene 1) written by “Christopher Marlow”.

CONTEXT

At the outset of drama, Doctor Faustus found himself, complete master of knowledge, he was inspired by the necromancy. He became magician after selling his soul to Lucifer. Mephistophilis is the servant of Lucifer, the fallen angel, become servile servant of Faustus. He travelled throughout the world as his fame spread, he got wealth and led a life of king but internally his soul was devoid. After 24-years, death drew near, Faustus begged to repent but Mephistophilis cautioned him not to offend Lucifer. In the end, he was borne off by a company of devils to hell for eternal damnation.
ڈرامہ کے آغاز میں ، ڈاکٹر فوسٹس نے اپنے آپ کو ، مکمل طور پر علم کا ماہر پایا ، وہ نیکروانی سے متاثر ہوا۔ وہ لوسیفر کو اپنی جان بیچنے کے بعد جادوگر ہوگیا۔ میفسٹوفیلس لوسفر کا خادم ہے ، گرتا ہوا فرشتہ ، فاؤسٹس کا خادم نوکر بن گیا ہے۔ اس نے ساری دنیا کا سفر کیا جیسے ہی اس کی شہرت پھیل گئی ، اسے دولت ملی اور بادشاہ کی زندگی گزاری لیکن اندرونی طور پر اس کی روح منحرف ہوگئی۔ 24 سال کے بعد ، موت قریب آ گئی ، فوسٹس نے توبہ کرنے کی التجا کی لیکن میفسٹو فیلس نے اسے خبردار کیا کہ وہ لوسیفر کو ناگوار نہ بنائے۔ آخر میں ، وہ ابدی عذاب کے لئے شیطانوں کی ایک کمپنی کے ذریعہ جہنم میں چلا گیا۔

Explanation:

These are starting lines of drama “Doctor Faustus” when the chorus introduces us to the Doctor Faustus character, starting with his infancy, and throughout his life span until the moment when he becomes a doctor. He surpassed all others who took delight in debating and discussing subjects of the theology pretending to God and heaven. And due to this, he becomes exceedingly proud of his learning and was puffed up with vanity and arrogance, so much so that he seemed to aspire like Icarus, who was the son of the Daedalus. He tried to escape along with his father from Crete with the help of Wings made of feathers and wax. His father advised him not to fly too high because the wax will melt near the sun but he didn’t obey his father. The wings melted due to heat of the sun as he flew very near to the sun bringing him down into the sea. Thus, for his inordinate ambition, Faustus was also punished by God and was pulled down from his eminent position. He stooped very low to indulge in the practice of Magic art. Fully accomplished with all the great and glorious powers of learning he now sought gratification from the practice of Necromancy the vicious art of calling up spirits. Nothing was more pleasing to him then this art of magic which he placed even above the salvation of his soul.

 

یہ لائنیں ڈاکٹر فاسٹ ڈرامے کے شروع کی ہے جب کورس ہمارا تعارف ڈاکٹر فاسٹس کے کردار سے کراتا ہے ،اس کے بچپن سےشروع کر کے اس کی تمام زندگی جب تک وہ ڈاکٹر نہیں بن جاتا ہے ۔اس نے دوسرے تمام لوگوں کو پیچھے چھوڑ دیا جو خدا اور جنت کا دعوی کرتے ہوئے مذہبیات کے موضوعات پر بحث و مباحثہ کرنے میں مگن تھے اور اسی وجہ سے وہ اپنی تعلیم پر بہت زیادہ فخر کرتا تھا وہ غرور اور تکبر سے اس قدر بھر گیا کہ وہ بالکل ا کیرس کی طرح دکھائی دیتا تھا جو کہ ڈیڈلس کا بیٹا تھا اس نے اپنے والد کے ساتھ پنکھوں اور موم سے بنے ہوئے پر بنائیں جن کی مدد سے وہ کریٹ کی قید سے فرار ہونے کی کوشش کر رہے تھے۔اس کے والد نے اسے نصیحت دی تھی کہ وہ زیادہ اونچی پرواز نہ کرے کیونکہ موم سورج کے قریب پگھل جائے گا لیکن اس نے اپنے والد کی نصیحت کی پرواہ نہ کی ۔سورج کی گرمی کی وجہ سے پر پگھل گئے ۔جیسے ہی وہ سورج کے قریب گیا وہ سمندر میں گر گیا ۔اسی طرح فاسٹس کی غیر معمولی خواہش کی وجہ سے خدا نے اسے سزا دی اور اسے اپنے نمایاں مقام سے نیچے گرا دیا ۔جادو کی مشق کرنے کے لئے اس نے اپنے آپ کو بہت نیچے گرا دیا ۔سیکھنے کی تمام تر عظیم اور شاندار قوتوں کے ساتھ اس نے اب شیطانی علم جادو کے فن کو سیکھنے کے لیے وہ اتنی خوشی محسوس کر رہا تھا کہ اس نے اپنی روح کو غلامی میں دینے سے بھی دریغ نہ کیا

 Annual Exam - 2019

I’ll levy soldiers with the coin they bring, And chase the Prince of Parma from our land ‘,. And reign sole king of all the provinces; Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war

میں فوجیوں کو لگاؤں گا جو وہ لے کر آئے ہیں ، اور ہمارے ملک سے پرما کے شہزادے کا پیچھا کریں گے۔ ‘ اور تمام صوبوں کا واحد بادشاہ۔ ہاں ، جنگ کی بھینٹ چڑھنے کے لئے انجن

REFERENCE:

These lines have been taken from the eminent play “Doctor Faustus”,(Act ll scene 1) written by “Christopher Marlow”.

CONTEXT

At the outset of drama, Doctor Faustus found himself, complete master of knowledge, he was inspired by the necromancy. He became magician after selling his soul to Lucifer. Mephistophilis is the servant of Lucifer, the fallen angel, become servile servant of Faustus. He travelled throughout the world as his fame spread, he got wealth and led a life of king but internally his soul was devoid. After 24-years, death drew near, Faustus begged to repent but Mephistophilis cautioned him not to offend Lucifer. In the end, he was borne off by a company of devils to hell for eternal damnation.
ڈرامہ کے آغاز میں ، ڈاکٹر فوسٹس نے اپنے آپ کو ، مکمل طور پر علم کا ماہر پایا ، وہ نیکروانی سے متاثر ہوا۔ وہ لوسیفر کو اپنی جان بیچنے کے بعد جادوگر ہوگیا۔ میفسٹوفیلس لوسفر کا خادم ہے ، گرتا ہوا فرشتہ ، فاؤسٹس کا خادم نوکر بن گیا ہے۔ اس نے ساری دنیا کا سفر کیا جیسے ہی اس کی شہرت پھیل گئی ، اسے دولت ملی اور بادشاہ کی زندگی گزاری لیکن اندرونی طور پر اس کی روح منحرف ہوگئی۔ 24 سال کے بعد ، موت قریب آ گئی ، فوسٹس نے توبہ کرنے کی التجا کی لیکن میفسٹو فیلس نے اسے خبردار کیا کہ وہ لوسیفر کو ناگوار نہ بنائے۔ آخر میں ، وہ ابدی عذاب کے لئے شیطانوں کی ایک کمپنی کے ذریعہ جہنم میں چلا گیا۔

Explanation

Faustus is still dreaming of wonderful feats that he will be able to perform after acquiring great proficiency in the black art of Magic. The spirits of hell will be at his beck and call. His unfettered imagination flies sky-high. He aspires to raise a big Army with the vast wealth that the spirit will fetch for him from all parts of the world. And with the help of an Army would be able to drive out from Germany the prince of Parma, Alexander Farnese, who was the general and governor of Netherlands under king Philips of Spain. Thus he will make himself the supreme monarch of over the whole of Germany. Netherlands was also a part of Germany. Not only this, but he will also compel his slave-like spirits to invent weapons of war much more powerful than the Dutch fleet of fire- ships that completely destroyed the strong bridge of ships and boats built by the Duke of Parma for blocking the river Scheldt during the seize of Antwerp. These references to the Prince of Parma and the siege of Antwerp are really errors of date or anachronism. The action of the drama is supposed to take place during the reign of Charles V, father of king Philips of Spain. This desire on the part of Faustus to achieve great military feats reveal the true Renaissance spirit, the yearning for power and for per the romance of Daredevil deeds.
فوسٹس ابھی بھی حیرت انگیز کارناموں کا خواب دیکھ رہا ہے جو وہ جادو کے بلیک آرٹ میں بڑی مہارت حاصل کرنے کے بعد انجام دے سکے گا۔ جہنم کی روحیں اس کے اشارے پر ہوں گی۔ اس کا بے ساختہ تخیل آسمان سے اونچا اڑتا ہے۔ وہ ایک بہت بڑی دولت کے ساتھ ایک بڑی فوج کو اکٹھا کرنے کی خواہش مند ہے کہ دنیاکی تمام دولت جو روح  سے لے کر آئیں گی ۔ اور کسی فوج کی مدد سے ، پیرما کے شہزادہ ، الیگزینڈر فرنیس ، جو اسپین کے بادشاہ فلپس کے تحت نیدرلینڈ کا جنرل اور گورنر تھا ، جرمنی سے انخلا کر سکے گا۔ اس طرح وہ خود کو پورے جرمنی کا اعلی بادشاہ بنائے گا۔ نیدرلینڈ بھی جرمنی کا حصہ تھا۔ نہ صرف یہ ، بلکہ وہ اپنے غلام نما ارواح کو بھی مجبور کرے گا کہ وہ جنگجو  ہتھیار ایجاد کرے جو آتش بحری جہاز کے ڈچ بحری بیڑے سے زیادہ طاقتور ہے جس نے دریا کو روکنے کے لئے ڈیوک آف پرما کے ذریعہ تعمیر کردہ جہازوں اور کشتیوں کے مضبوط پل کو مکمل طور پر تباہ کردیا تھا۔ اینٹورپ پر قبضہ کے دوران اسکیلڈٹ۔ پرنس آف پرما اور انٹورپ کے محاصرے کے حوالے سے یہ حوالہ واقعی تاریخ یا anachronism کی غلطیاں ہیں۔ یہ ڈرامہ ایکن اسپین کے بادشاہ فلپس کے والد چارلس پنجم کے دور میں انجام دیا جانا تھا۔ فوسٹس کی طرف سے عظیم فوجی کامیابیوں کے حصول کے لئے اس خواہش سے نشا. ثانیہ کی حقیقی روح ، اقتدار کی تڑپ ,شیطان کے اعمال کی رومانوی خواہش کا پتہ چلتا ہے۔

Renaissance Elements in Doctor Faustus

Renaissance Elements in Doctor Faustus

The word ‘Renaissance’ itself means ‘rebirth’. “The idea of rebirth originated in the belief that Europeans had discovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered an intellectual and cultural decline.” Thus the question what was the renaissance about is answered as the widespread cultural revival marking the division between the so-called ‘dark ages’ and the modern world. The Renaissance was a period of fundamental change in human outlook once dominated by religious dogma and Christian theology. The age was marked by a great yearning for unlimited knowledge; by love for worldliness – supreme power, sensual pleasures of life; by love for beauty; respect for classicism; by scepticism, individualism and Machiavellian influence.
Christopher Marlowe was a product of the Renaissance. Therefore it was usual for him that his play Doctor Faustus would contain Renaissance spirit. We see in Doctor Faustus a wonderful expression of renaissance elements and the character Doctor Faustus as a renaissance man.
The most important thing in the Renaissance is craving for ‘knowledge infinite’. This characteristic has been injected in Faustus properly. He has achieved knowledge of all branches. Yet he feels unfulfilled. So he wants to practice black art and with this, he would be able to know all things: “I will have them read me strange philosophy.”
After selling his soul, he, at the very first, questions Mephistopheles to know the mystery of the universe, about the position of hell.
“First, will I question with thee about hell,
Tell me where is the place that men call hell?”
Faustus’s longing for material prosperity, for money and wealth, which is also a Renaissance element, has been expressed in the following lines where he desires to gain the lordship of Embden a great commercial city-

“Of wealth!
Why the seniority of Embden shall be mine.”
He further wants to enjoy a splendid life full of worldly pleasures. He says,
“I will have them fly to India for gold,
Ransack the ocean for orient pearl,
….
And search all the corners of the newfound world.
For pleasant fruits and princely delicates.”

Here we see another inherent thing characterized by Renaissance in Faustus i.e. love for adventure.
Faustus’s eagerness to get the most beautiful German maid to be his wife and Helen to be his paramour and to find heaven in her lips proves his love of beauty along with love for sensual pleasure which is also a Renaissance element. He says to Mephistophilis,

“For I am wanton and lascivious
And cannot live without a wife.”

Dominance of classical literature, art and culture is a prominent feature of the Renaissance. And it is frequently expressed by Faustus in his allusions, examples, references. One of such examples can be noticed in the following couple of lines where Faustus says,

“Have I not made blind Homer sing to me
 Of Alexander’s love and Oenon’s death?”

“The Renaissance was marked by an intense interest in the visible world and in the knowledge derived from concrete sensory experience.” “It turned away from the abstract speculations and interest in life after death that characterized the Middle Ages.” Faustus raises the question and gives the answer to that question in the following lines-

“That, after this life, there is any pain?
Thus, these are trifles and mere old wives tales.”

Thus Renaissance allows Scepticism and secularism.
In the Renaissance, “the unique talents and potential of the individual became significant. The concept of personal fame was much more highly developed than during the Middle Ages.” Actually, Faustus is an individualistic tragic hero. His tragedy is his own creation. He does not think like traditional heroes or men. He crosses his limit while common people do not generally cross that.
Renaissance movement is greatly influenced by Niccolo Machiavelli, his The Prince and his ideal “ends justify the means.” Similarly, Faustus also wants to reach his goal by any means, even by selling his soul to Devil –“Faustus gives to thee his soul.” Furthermore, Faustus earns money by selling a false horse to a Horse-course deceitfully. The Renaissance has made Faustus fascinated by the supreme power. Faustus says-

“A sound magician is a mighty God
Here, Faustus, tire thy brains to gain a deity.”

Finally, we must say that Faustus is a faithful embodiment of the Renaissance. He bears all the characteristics of the age. Actually, Marlowe has pictured Faustus with great care and interest of the age. George Santayana justly says in this regard – “Marlowe is a martyr to everything, power, curious knowledge, enterprise, wealth and beauty.”
Faustus as an Individualistic Tragic Hero of Renaissance
Christopher Marlowe, in his Doctor Faustus, his masterpiece, draws an excellent character before us. This character can be regarded as a strong individual, an embodiment of Renaissance and a tragic hero. Indeed, each and every man possesses two forces going on in him.one is social that abides by the setup rules of his surroundings. Another is individual that thinks things in his mind particularly from his own demand, dream and thought. In Doctor Faustus’s case, it is the second one- he has a firm individuality, that’s why he is called an individualistic hero
As an embodiment of Renaissance, Doctor Faustus, having attained knowledge, power and fame, wants more and more, unparalleled possession. He has achieved knowledge of all branches. Yet he wants to do whatever he pleases. So he would like to practice necromancy.

Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please
……….
I will have them fly to India for gold,
Ransack the ocean for orient pearl,
And search all corners of the new-found world
For pleasant fruits and princely delicates;
I’ll have them read me strange philosophy,
And tell the secrets of all foreign kings;

Thus he will compel them to build a wall of brass around Germany and to make the river Rine divert its course to flow around the lovely city of Wittenberg; will be able to supply plenty of silk garments to the public school; will drive Prince of Parma to form his country and become the supreme monarch of all the provinces; and will have wonderful and powerful weapons of war.
But before and after attaining the black art, there runs a conflict in him between the good and evil, between the good and bad which is at the beginning symbolized by the good angel and evil angel. (Act 1, Scene 1)
In order to attain his purpose, Doctor Faustus racks the name of God ………….
Faustus is an individual tragic hero. He is the maker of his own tragedy, his fate, good or bad. He falls, not by the fickleness of fortune or the decree of fate, or because he has been corrupted by Mephistopheles, the agent of Lucifer, the devil, but all things happen to him because of his own will. He commits a sin by wanting like God or to exceed God and by rejecting God and accepting Beelzebub, the devil. So he must suffer in fine.
Faustus always experiences a conflict between his consciousness and free will which is also found in great tragic heroes of Shakespeare, namely Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello.
Faustus is a tragic hero, individual in character. But through his death, he proves the loftiness of God, Almighty. O.P. Broclbent says- “Faustus’s passion for knowledge and power is in itself a virtue, but diverted from the service of God it threatens to become totally negative and self- destroying’’.
However, if we go through the depth of Faustas’s tragedy, we observe that Faustus stands not for a character, not for a single man, but for man, for every man. His tragedy is not a personal tragedy, but a tragedy that overtakes all those who dare “practise more than heavenly power permits” In this way, Faustus’s individualistic tragedy turns to a universal too.
To sum up, we must say that Doctor Faustus is an embodiment of Renaissance, a tragic hero, individual and forceful. At the same time, he represents us too. But the only difference is that we dare hardly avoid the established concepts of society, religion, but Faustus boldly went ahead to his individual demand. However in a religious point of view, he committed a great sin and suffered a lot - that is, it is a morality play too.
Renaissance ideals vs Medieval morals
Faustus’s inner turmoil gives way to the dominant meaning within the play: Medieval morals versus Renaissance ideals. Marlowe’s characterization of Faustus leads one to the predominant idea of duality in the society of his era in which Medieval values conflict with those of the Renaissance. His refusal to see what is fact and what is fiction is a result of his pompous persona. In his quest to become omnipotent, Faustus fails to see that there is life after death and that his material possessions are of no consequence. Faustus is a combatant in his own internal war of knowledge or salvation.
In the opening of the play, Marlowe uses the chorus to announce the time, place, and most importantly, to introduce Faustus. The chorus refers to the Greek myth of Icarus while characterizing Faustus –

" Till swollen with cunning, of self-conceit
 His waxen wings did mount above his reach
And melting, heavens conspired his overthrow!"(Prologue. 19-21.)." 

His waxen wings did mount above his reach" is an ironic comparison between Icarus and Faustus. It is ironic because Icarus directly disobeys his father, which ties into the idea of mortal sin. However, in Faustus' case, it is disobedient to become too learned. Also, the line: “heavens conspired his overthrow" could be a reference to Lucifer’s attempt to overpower God. Thus, the Chorus would ultimately be making reference to Faustus attempting to outwit God. This is the contrast between Medieval and Renaissance values; the medieval world shunned all that was not Christian while the Renaissance was a re-birth of learning in which people openly questioned divinity as with much more. The chorus makes it seem that Faustus is a 'bad' man because he seeks knowledge. In essence, it portrays Faustus as a "Renaissance man who pays the medieval price for being one."
Faustus’s constant struggle to explore Renaissance principles is heightened by the Good Angel and Bad Angel. The Good Angel pulls Faustus towards Medieval values. He represents Faustus’s Medieval instincts:

"O Faustus, lay that damned book aside
And gaze not on it lest it tempt thy soul
And heap God’s heavy wrath upon thy head!
Read, read the Scriptures - that is blasphemy!" ( 1.1.67-69 ). 

The Angel is eluding to Medieval ideals by saying that books are 'damned' and will bring 'God’s heavy wrath’. 'That is blasphemy' is yet another reference to books not being of God. The Good Angel is Faustus key to salvation. Again, Faustus’s inner conflict gives way to the ultimate theme of redemption and sin. While the Good Angel represents the medieval era, the Bad Angel signifies the Renaissance:

"Go forward Faustus, in that famous art
Wherein all nature’s treasury is contained.
...
Lord and commander of these elements!"( 1.1.71-74 ). 

The Bad Angel feeds Faustus’s thirst for knowledge by telling him that 'all nature’s treasure is contained' in his books. Going even further, the Angel tells Faustus to be 'Lord' and 'commander' of these elements ultimately telling Faustus that he could be God if he so chose. Both angels are ultimately signified duality within society. Where half is pulled towards the righteous Medieval morals and the others toward liberated Renaissance ideals.
Faustus embraces his Renaissance persona by acknowledging his life choices. In his never-ending quest to obtain knowledge, Faustus conjures Helen of Troy so that he may marvel at her beauty:

"Was this the face that launched a thousand ships
And burnt the topless towers of Illium?
Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss.
Her kiss suck forth my soul.
See where it flies!" ( 5.1.95-99 ). 

Helen is an apt person for Faustus to gawk at. She was considered to be the most beautiful women in the entire world. However, Faustus lives in a time and place of sexual repression. Thus, Helen represents sin and sexual freedom - an end to Medieval morals. The word 'immortal' implies that Helen’s kiss allows men to live forever and that Helen herself is 'immortal’. This ironical comparison demonstrates that Faustus is still in denial about death. However, with 'Her kiss suck forth my soul’, Faustus suggests that Helen has taken his life. This is ironic on many levels, most noticeably being that many men died to rescue Helen from the Trojans. In addition, Faustus is the only one responsible for his lost soul. The conjuring of Helen of Troy represents Faustus’s decision to accept what he has done with his life and follow his Renaissance persona. In calling on Helen, Faustus has yielded himself to immortal sins. First and foremost, Faustus has sinned by using black magic to call on Helen. Lastly, Faustus is openly sexual with Helen of Troy. His kissing of Helen is ultimately a symbol of accepting that which has already been done and preparing to face eternal damnation.
Faustus’s epic battle between Medieval morals and Renaissance ideals results in his eternal damnation. Faustus has many chances to repent, yet not once does he decided to put an end to seeking knowledge and practising magic. His decision is ultimately a signal for the end of Medieval beliefs in 'religion being the key' and the emergence of free-thinking. Faustus has been said to be "a Renaissance man who paid the Medieval price for being one". He was an intellectual in a society of ignorance imposed upon by the clergy of the Catholic Church.
Though Faustus is the tragic hero of the play one must really consider if, in fact, Faustus’s demise is tragic. Faustus makes his own decisions and knows where they will take him to in the end. He refuses to see that heaven and hell do exist and despite the many warnings given to him about the heinousness of hell, he still follows the path of damnation Faustus’s harrowing demise results in eternal damnation is tragic. He is a man with the charisma and courage to follow his passions in life. Faustus is told time after time that he can still repent and save himself from the wrath of God. Several times he does in fact repent, yet because of his inner conflict he 'takes it back’. Not till Faustus utters his last words is one completely sure that Faustus’s story is tragic, at best. Ultimately, he dies unhappy and still a combatant in his own internal war.
At the end, we can say that in spite of being a man of the medieval period, Faustus was a Renaissance man. And by his activities, we find the elements of the Renaissance where medieval values are buried because of the emergence of the Renaissance ideal.